house designs in india punjab
thermal power plants help me almost half of the world's power demand they use water as the working fluid today's thermal power plants are capable to run under green efficiency by conforming to stringent environmental standards in this video we will see how a coal-basedthermal power plant achieves this in a detailed step-by-step manner by turning the shaft of this generator we will be able to generate electricity the generator derives motion from asteam turbine the heart of the power plant in order to turn steam turbine, you have to supply a high pressure and high temperature steam at the inlet of the turbine as the turbine absorbs energy from the high-energy fluid
its pressure and temperature drop toward the outlet you can take a closer look at theuniquely shaped steam turbine rotor blades high capacity power plant often use different stages of steam turbines such as high pressure turbine intermediate pressure turbine and low pressure turbine so now we have met our objective, we have produced electricity from the generator if we can bring the low pressure and low temperature steam back to their original states which were of a much higher pressure and temperature we can repeat the process
the first step is to raise the pressure you can use a compressor for this purpose but compressing steam is a highly energyintensive process and such a power plant will not be efficient at all the easy way is to convert the steaminto liquid and boost the pressure for this purpose we'll introducecondenser heat exchangers which sit beneath the low pressure turbine in the condenser a stream of cold water flows through the tubes the steam rejects heat to this liquidstream and became condensed now we can use the pump to increase the pressure of this feed water
typically multistages traffical pumping is used for this purpose that way the pressure will revert to itsoriginal state the next task is to bring thetemperature back to its original value for this purpose heat is added to theexit of the pump with the help of a boiler high capacity power plants generally use a type of boiler called a "water tube boiler" pulverized coal is then burnt inside boiler the incoming water initially passes through any economizer session here the water will capture energy from the flue gas the water flow straight down-comer
and then through water walls,where transforms into steam the pure steam is separated at a steam drum now the working fluid is back to itsoriginal state high pressure and high temperature this steam can be fed back into the steam turbine and the cycle can be repeated over and over againfor continuous power production but a power plant working on this basic rankine cycle will have a very low efficiency and a low capacity we can increase the performance of the power plant considerably with the help of a few simple techniques in case of super heating even after the liquid hasbeen converted into steam even more heat is added
and with that the steam becomes super-heated the higher the temperature of the steam the more efficient the cycle just remember the carnot's theorem of maximum thermal efficiency possible but the steam turbine material will notwithstand temperatures of more than 600 degrees celsius so super heating islimited to the threshold the temperature of the steam decreasesas it flows along the rows of the blade consequently a great way to increase theefficiency of the power plant is to add more heat after the first turbine stage this is known as reheating and it willincrease the temperature of the steam
again leading to a high power output andgreater efficiency the low pressure size of the power plan are prone to suck the atmospheric air even with sophisticated ceiling arrangements the dissolved gases in the feed waterwill spoil the boiler material over time to remove these dissolved gases and openfeedwater heater is introduced hot steam from the turbine is mixed into the feed water steam bubbles so generated will absorb the dissolvedgases the mixing also preheats the feed waterwhich helps improve the efficiency of the power plant to an even greater extent all these techniques make the modernpower plant work under an efficiency range of forty to forty-five percent
now we'll take a look at how heat addition and heat rejection are executed in anactual power plant the cold liquid is supplied at thecondenser with the help of a cooling tower the heated up water from the condensor are rid is sprayed in the cooling tower which induces a natural air draft and the sprayed water loses heat this is how a colder liquid is alwaysprovided at the condenser inlet at a heatdation insidethe burning coal produces many pollutants we cannot release these pollutantsdirectly into the atmosphere so before transferring them to a stackthe exhaust gases cleaned in an electro static precipitator
the esp uses plates with high voltage static electricity to absorb the pollutant particles we hope that we've given younew insights into the inner workings of thermal power plants thank you for watching the video